Gene Therapy: A Detailed Review

For the treatment of a disease, transfer hereditary material into a patient is recognized as gene therapy.  Gene therapy is known for introducing viruses into shuttle vectors which provide desired genes to the cells. For this purpose, various vectors such as viral or non-viral have been used. Two main methods i.e. ex-vivo or in-vivo have been used. Adeno, retro, and adenoassociated viruses have been used for gene therapy. Viral vectors are efficient over non-viral, but non-viral have some advantages over viral such as a better capacity for containing more DNA and very less immunogenicity. For enhancing the ability of non-viral vectors artificial viruses have been developed by inserting the receptors for better uptake and DNA translocation. Gene therapy for humans for the treatment of different diseases such as cancer acquired and genetic diseases already have been approved. Different methods have been developed for the uptake of DNA or transferring genes which provide better efficiency.