Polysaccharides in fungi. XXXIII. Hypoglycemic activity of an acidic polysaccharide (AC) from Tremella fuciformis

Glucuronoxylomannan (AC) from the fruiting bodies of Tremella fuciformis exhibited a significant dose-dependent hypoglycemic activity in normal mice and also showed a significant activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. The activities of AC-derivatives such as a product of AC which side chains had been removed were lower than that of native AC. AC raised the plasma insulin level in normal mice. Administration of AC to normal mice significantly increased the activities of hepatic hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase, but it decreased that of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase. Furthermore, AC reduced the glycogen content in the liver, increased the total lipid in epididymal adipose tissue, and lowered the plasma cholesterol level. The foregoing results indicated that the hypoglycemic activity of AC in normal mice was at least responsible for the increase of insulin secretion and for the acceleration of glucose metabolism. Single oral administration at a dose of 50-300 mg/kg of AC did not affect the plasma glucose level in normal mice, but continuous oral administrations of the AC solution (0.75 g/l) instead of water for a long time was found to be effective on the plasma glucose level in both experiments of the mice injected once i.p. with streptozotocin (170 mg/kg) at 0 d of AC administration and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.