Emission from ships : The 4th Stanley Gray Lecture. Discussion

In line with other modes of transportation, the shipping industry is often challenged on its environmental profile, and although only a small contributor to worldwide total emissions of CO 2 , NO x and SO x , international policies and expectations are likely to dominate the development of future requirements in this area. This paper outlines the historical and policy-based perspectives of emissions to the air from shipping, presenting the technical and operational aspects of how to curb ship generated emissions, and indicating the future scientific challenges to be faced.