Dose Related Patterns of Ventricular Arrhythmia due to Carvedilol Withdrawal in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure

Objectives: This study evaluates the impact of carvedilol dose changes on the ventricular arrhythmia event rates for patients ≥ 18 years of age with systolic heart failure and examines dose dependent effects of carvedilol withdrawal in dose reduction and discontinuation subgroups. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with systolic heart failure (EF ≤ 40%) receiving carvedilol. The primary outcome was incidence of ventricular arrhythmia. Ventricular arrhythmia event rates were compared among carvedilol dose continuation, reduction and discontinuation groups. To assess dose dependent effects of beta-blocker withdrawal, dose reduction and discontinuation groups were divided into subgroups. Results: Dose discontinuation (n=64) or reduction group (n=83) had significantly higher ventricular arrhythmia rates compared with dose continuation group (n=262) (65.6 vs 33.7 vs 15.3%, p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Dose discontinuation group also had a significantly higher ventricular arrhythmia event rate compared with dose reduction group (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in ventricular arrhythmia event rates among dose discontinuation or reduction subgroups. Conclusion: Continuation of carvedilol therapy was associated with a substantially lower ventricular arrhythmia event rate compared with reduction or discontinuation of carvedilol therapy. Dose dependent effects of beta-blocker withdrawal in subgroup analyses were not found.