With sub-optimum conditions the current representation of potential crop development patterns needs to be reconsidered

Abstract Most current process-based crop models use “de Wit” representation, whereby different types of stress reduce a potential plant development pattern that solely depends on the variety, temperature and radiation. That approach was largely validated for conventional agriculture and the corresponding range of environmental conditions. The aim of our study was to test the robustness of that representation under early sub-optimum growth conditions. Investigations were carried out on cotton in southern France under controlled glasshouses and field conditions. We analysed the effects of light interception, water supply and planting density on the node appearance pattern of the plant's main stem. Early stress on seedlings and a variation in planting density induced a plant reaction that could not be properly taken in account by common “de Wit” representation. First, delays in potential pattern establishment after emergence were observed with PAR i values under 0.15 mol plant −1  d −1 . Furthermore, early low PAR i and drastic water stress (FTSW