Preliminary note on the distribution and ecology of Culicoides imicola in Portugal.

. Data on Culicoides imicola were obtained during studies carried out during the recent outbreak of African horse sickness in Portugal. The previous most northerly published record of C.imicola in Portugal was 38o40'N (Pegoes). In the present work the geographical distribution of this species is extended to the parallel of 41o17'N. We have also confirmed the continuous presence of adult C.imicola in Southern Portugal (Alentejo and Algarve) throughout the year. In the laboratory we obtained this species from a sample of cattle faeces and from another of soil contaminated with animal excreta. In relation to host association 57.37% of C.imicola were trapped in the vicinity of pigsties. Finally, we collected11,463 Culicoides of which 12.47% were C. imicola.