Inexpensive Solid-State Unification Of The Heathkit Polarograph

ABSTRACT In electrochemical studies of low level environmental contaminants at the National Water Quality Laboratory, a versatile polarographic instrument with the stability, sensitivity, and low-noise characteristic of instruments with solid-state amplifiers was desired. Such instruments are now commercially available, at prices ranging from approximately $2,500 to over $10,000. In the lower price ranges some loss of versatility is suffered because of design limitations on scan rates, current sensitivity, switching, and external connections to the operational amplifiers, for use with pulse techniques.