[Mediastinal tubercular lymphadenitis and adenobronchial fistulas (TABF) in the paediatric age. 1980-2001 case record].

: The aim of this study is to assess the frequency and clinical importance of mediastinal tubercular lymphadenitis and adenobronchial fistulas (TABF) and to evaluate the role of fiberbronchoscopy and surgical bronchoscopy associated with antimicrobical chemotherapy. 136 cases of primary pulmonary TBC, admitted to the Unit of Infectious Diseases, Bambino Gesu Children Hospital in Rome, between 1980 and 2001, were enrolled in the study. We considered 56 patients with clinical and radiological evidence of mediastinal tubercular lymphadenitis and 28 patients with adenobronchial fistulas (TABF). The incidence of TABF was 20,58% of primary pulmonary TBC. All patients were treated by medical therapy combined with local endobronchial surgery. TABF emerges as a complication of pediatric primary pulmonary TBC. We suggest a clinical and radiological survey to decide the utility of a diagnostic and therapeutic surgical bronchoscopy