Role of microRNAs in Arsenic Stress Tolerance of Plants
2017
Arsenic is a highly toxic carcinogenic element whose contamination in groundwater and
soil has emerged as a problem of unprecedented scale in last few years. The arsenic
exposure to humans occurs through drinking water and food and threatens to increase
incidences of cancer and other ailments drastically in future. To safeguard people from
arsenic through food, research has focused on understanding in depth mechanisms of
arsenic stress responses in plants. These included laboratory-based and field studies and
encompassed morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular assays and also
whole genome transcriptome and proteome analyses. These studies led to information
about changes at biochemical and molecular levels which are reflected in morphological
and growth changes. Further, the involvement of various signalling and regulatory
elements has been revealed. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs), which are 20-25 base
pairs long RNAs, have emerged as important players in mediated arsenic stress
responses in plants. miRNAs have been found to regulate signalling elements,
transcription factors, hormones biosynthesis and responses, oxidative stress responses,
sulphur metabolism etc. This review presents a discussion on miRNAs involvement in
arsenic stress responses in plants and also sheds light on future perspectives.
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