Diving injury occurrence in rollover collisions: a critical analysis of Malibu I, Malibu II and CRIS

A critical analysis of the Malibu I and II tests and the follow-on Controlled Rollover Impact System (CRIS) demonstrations are presented in this paper. It is shown that the contention that it is not beneficial to strengthen automotive roofs above the level mandated by the current 1.5 X FMVSS-216 regulation is directly contradicted by the Malibu test data. It is further shown that the CRIS demonstrations are not applicable to the majority of uncomplicated ground level rollovers due to the unrealistic initial conditions incorporated within the demonstrations.