A spatio-temporal reconstruction of Holocene temperature change in southern Scandinavia

Holocene mean July (TJul) and mean January (TJan) temperatures were reconstructed at Lake Trehorningen in southwest Sweden using pollen–climate calibration functions and converted into anomalies relative to modern temperatures. The anomalies were applied to 28 meteorological stations in Denmark, with each station adjusted to account for spatial variability in both TJul and TJan. The resulting reconstructions were merged to create composite TJul and TJan records. The individual reconstructions were also used to establish the parameterization of the TJul and TJan values, resulting in Holocene temperature maps for all of Denmark. Low TJul values characterised southern Sweden and Denmark at the start of the Holocene, followed by an increase during the early Holocene. Likewise, TJan was initially low at the start of the Holocene, followed by an increase between 10 500 and 9900 cal. BP. Thereafter, TJan was relatively stable between 9900 and 8000 cal. BP. The general increase in temperature during the early Hol...