Biological diversity of ecosystems: Approaches to research and conservation

Scientific-methodological and practical approaches to the organization of conservation of the biological diversity of ecosystems in Russia and in the European Union countries are discussed. The principles of the organization of ecological networks, the concept of the biotope as the basic unit of conservation, and the experience in selecting important plant areas are considered. Particular attention is given to the specific nature of forest conservation. It is noted that the modern concept of conservation of biological diversity offers not only the creation of protected areas but also the regulated use of agricultural lands.