Detection and communication in the “Beaufort Lens”

The WHOI Ice Tethered Profilers in the Beaufort has confirmed a “sound speed duct” at depths between 100 to 250 m labeled as the “Beaufort Lens.” It is thought to be caused by warm water intrusion from the Bering Strait. A significant consequence of the duct is the prediction of 10 dB lower transmission losses at ranges of 100 km for sources and receivers both within the duct. We examine how the properties of the duct impact detection and communication. Transmission loss is strongly affected by frequency. Ducted propagation is not supported below a modal cutoff and absorption losses become consequential at higher frequencies. For active sonar, where wideband waveforms are employed, dispersion effects and multipath become important. The shape of the duct, especially boundary gradients, impacts this dispersion. While a vertical line array spanning the duct can potentially exploit the multipath ray/mode coherence and the resolution of the array impacts whether coherent or incoherent combination should be emp...