Expression Analysis of Bombyx mori Bidensovirus Structural Proteins and Assembly of Virus-like Particles in Insect Cells

Bombyx mori bidensovirus (BmBDV) is a new designated species of the new genus Bidensovirus in the new family Bidnaviridae, which contains two single-stranded linear DNAs (VD1 and VD2) and causes the chronic densonucleosis disease of silkworm. Previous researches revealed that VD1-ORF3 encodes the major structural proteins VPs. In this work, through western blot, we found that VPs expressed from 48 h post-inoculation and kept increasing until 120 h post-inoculation in midgut of Bombyx mori. In order to further investigate the translation of vp gene, the ORFs (vp1 and vp2) of the VP started just up-stream of the first two candidate initiation codons were expressed in Sf9 cells by a baculovirus expression system. The expression products were purified by gradient density centrifugation and analyzed by Western blot and electron microscopy. The results showed that the expressions of vp1 yielded three proteins (VP1, VP1′, and VP2), which are the same with the viral VPs expression in midgut of Bombyx mori, and vp2 generated two VPs with the molecular weights of about 51 kDa (VP2) and 37 kDa. The observation by electron microscopy indicated that these VPs can auto-assemble into virus-like particles that could not be distinguished from virus particles. These findings will provide materials for studying the structure of BmBDV and be helpful in the studies on BmBDV-based disease in silkworms.