«СПОРІДНЕНІСТЬ» ЯК ГОЛОВНА ІДЕЯ ПРАВОВОЇ ФІЛОСОФІЇ ГРИГОРІЯ СКОВОРОДИ

It is an attempt to reveal the methodological meaning of concept «cognation» to justify the value of the national legal ideas. This question is of great practical importance, since the reform of the legal system should be based on the universal civilizational grounds of law taking in account at the same time the national culture and the philosophical and legal tradition. It is shown that Skovoroda’s way of life characterizes him as a person, who doesn’t have disagreement between the teaching and way of life. Proclaimed values define and guide his activities.It is noted the basic philosophical premises of cordocentrism as the ideological basis for understanding of law. It is shown the continuity of Skovoroda’s philosophical ideas and world philosophy, Plato’s and Christianity’s influence on the formation of thinker’s philosophical position. The philosophical basis of his teaching is the concept of «three worlds» and «two natures», which became the basis of development of the teaching about person. The main thing in a person is a «heart» as the emotional-volitional basis of the spirit, the scope of person’s spiritual life.Analysis of Skovoroda’s creativity allows to suggest that he has original conception of law. Natural law is presented from the perspective of the religious symbolic ontology, where the emphasis in the justification of the right is not on the formal side of the general subject, but on the inner spiritual essence of law.The criterion for the person’s choice of moral way of life is «cognation» with a certain type of behavior. The moral feeling is a kind of sympathy for the special way of her destiny, the call of the heart. Therefore, the positive laws must protect the individual’s right to choose the moral path to its own self-realization.The concept of «cognation» serves as a basis for criticism of external equity, based on general and universal «non-cognation». External «equal equality» Skovoroda opposes «unequal equality» as an opportunity to exercise of human capacities, as right to happiness. The ideal of «unequal equality» is the foundation and the inner meaning of Skovoroda’s teachings.The idea of «cognation» allows to synthesize the idea of social justice with the moral and Christian idea of freedom. At the same time Skovoroda’s idea of law emerges not only through formal rights and responsibilities but it needs of the organization of social life, in which anyone could realize herself.