[Multiple sclerosis: diagnosis, clinical course and differential diagnosis].

: Disease modifying treatment for multiple sclerosis has improved both relapse rate and prognosis. The diagnostic criteria of McDonald were designed for early diagnosis, with a crucial role for magnetic resonance imaging in the 2010 revision, as dissemination in space and time can be established by a single scan. These criteria are likely applicable in pediatric, Asian, and Latin America populations, and include neuromyelitis optica as a differential diagnosis. With recent modifications for widespread use, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity have been improved. Nevertheless, clinical and imaging red flags for atypical manifestations are needed for exclusion of alternative diagnosis.