Family history of cancer and renal cell cancer risk in Caucasians

: Increased RCC risk was shown for subjects with at least one first-degree relative with kidney cancer (odds ratio¼2.29; 95%confidence interval¼1.31–4.00). No differences in risk were observed when analyses were stratified by race. For Caucasians, excessrisk was observed among those reporting a sibling with kidney cancer, whereas for AAs, increased risk occurred among subjectsreporting either a sibling or parent affected with the disease. A family history of non-renal cancers, and those related to smoking or tothe von Hippel–Lindau syndrome, revealed no association with RCC risk.