In situ studies of low temperature atomic level processing of GaN surfaces for atomic layer epitaxial growth

In situ synchrotron x-ray studies were employed to develop a fundamental understanding of the low temperature atomic level processes (ALPs) for GaN substrates to develop in situ methods for preparation of epitaxy ready surfaces. An emulated gallium flash-off (GFO) ALP, followed by a hydrogen clean ALP, and a subsequent nitridation ALP are studied as a function of temperature and number of cycles. The results demonstrate that ideal GFO ALP results are achieved at a higher temperature, 500 °C, and that only ten GFO ALP cycles are needed to remove the surface oxide and result in an ordered GaN surface. Continued GFO ALP cycles at 500 °C roughen the GaN surface. GFO ALP executed at 400 °C only roughens the surface, while executing the GFO ALP at 250 °C causes uneven surface features presumably due to the incomplete removal of the oxide. The hydrogen clean ALP generally roughens the surface at all three temperatures after 30 cycles of the GFO ALP. Further, the nitridation ALP executed after 30 cycles of the GF...