Factores de riesgo metabólico para litiasis urinaria en niños

Background: To identify the metabolic risk factors for the development of urinary lithiasis (UL) in children from Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: Case-control study, which included children, aged ≤ 15 years with and without UL confirmed by ultrasound. Controls did not have any antecedent of either UL or any other disease. Blood and urine samples were collected; indexes for calciuria, uricosuria, phosphaturia, and magnesuria were calculated. Four ageand sex-matched groups were made. Results: Two hundred fifty five children were studied (85 cases and 170 controls). In each group, 56.5% were male. According to age, kids were allocated in four groups. For group I, uricosuria and the H + urine concentration were greater for cases than for controls (p < 0.05); for groups II, III, and IV, only the uricosuria showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). The average pH was 5.5 for all groups. When comparing the frequencies of metabolic alterations, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hyperuricosuria were different (p < 0.05); however, when comparing cases and controls by age group, only shows differences in hyperuricosuria in groups II (p = 0.004) and III (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The hyperuricosuria is the first risk factor for the development of UL in the studied population.