Mn-containing titanium surface with favorable osteogenic and antimicrobial functions synthesized by PIII&D

Abstract Reasonable incorporation of manganese into titanium is believed to be able to enhance the osteogenic and antibacterial activities of orthopedic implants. However, it is still a challenge to compromise Mn-induced cytotoxicity and better develop its biocompatibility and antimicrobial ability. To pinpoint this issue, a stable Mn ion release platform was created on Ti using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D) technique. Compared with as-etched titanium, as a result, promoted antibacterial abilities against gram-negative bacteria species and enhanced osteogenic-related gene expressions on rBMMSC were observed on Mn-containing sample. Meanwhile, the Mn-containing samples showed no obvious cytotoxicity. Our results here provide insight to be better understanding the relationships between additives-induced biological performance and the dose, state, and stability of the doped element.