Evaluarea efectului statinelor asupra procesului de calusare prin metoda spectroscopiei în infraroşu cu transformare Fourier (FT-IR)

Introduction. Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly formed and resorbed. The occurrence of a fracture initiates a cas­cade of inflammatory, repair and remodeling processes. Bone repair is performed by indirect ossification and direct os­si­fication, indirect ossification being the most common. The similarities in bone tissue biology between human and rat bone led us to choose the rats as experimental models for the study of statin-induced changes. Statins play a very important role in the clinical management of osteoporosis and callusing process, cartilage calcification proving to be an excellent model to exa­­mine the role of lipids in mineralization. The lipids maintain cell viability, interact with membrane proteins and help regulate transcellular ionic flux. The current study aimed to investigate at the molecular level the effects of simvastatin treatment on the callusing process in rats, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Materials and method. The study was performed on a lot of 12 rats, divided into two groups: un­treated neovarectomized rats, the control group (12 rats), and simovastatin-treated neovarectomized rats (12 rats). Con­si­de­ring that the completion of the callus process is possible in week 8 post-fracture, we followed the evolution of the ratio of sa­tu­ra­ted and unsaturated lipids correlated with the ratio of pro­tein structures and the types of minerals in the two groups stu­died. Results. The lipid-lowering treatment, compared to the con­trol group, increased the amount of unsaturated lipids in the organic matrix of bone tissue and increased the amount of struc­tures with asymmetric vibration of carbon hydrogen bonds in the CH2 group of lipid. In the case of protein structures, there was a doubling of the amount of Amide I and an increase of almost six times of Amide II. In mineral structure, there was an increase in the amount of phosphates accompanied by a decrease in the amount of carbonates. Conclusions. The lipid-lowering treatment not only influences the lipid component of the orga­nic matrix of the bone tissue, but also influences its protein com­po­nent, and these changes of the organic matrix will also influence the degree of mineralization of the organic matrix. Regarding the ratio between carbonates and phosphates, its changings can influence the hardness/the brittleness of the bone.