Evaluation of histopathological changes in the microstructure at the center and periphery of glioma tumors using diffusional kurtosis imaging

Abstract Objective To explore the relationship between alterations in gliomas revealed by diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) and the histopathological microstructural changes. Methods Thirty-seven patients with cerebral gliomas underwent conventional MRI and DKI at 3.0 T. Normalized fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK) were compared in different regions of glioma tumors. Parameters with a high sensitivity and specificity regarding the discrimination of glioma grade were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Correlations between normalized FA, MD, and MK and histopathological findings (tumor cell density, total vascular area [TVA], and Ki-67 labeling index [LI]) were assessed using Pearson correlation analyses. Results Normalized FA, MD, and MK differed significantly between low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs) ( P  = 0.02, P  = 0.001 and P  P  P  = 0.002) in HGGs. The significant correlations were found between normalized MK and all histopathological findings (tumor cell density: r  = 0.596, P  = 0.006; TVA: r  = 0.764, P  r  = 0.766, P Conclusion DKI, especially concerning the MK parameter, demonstrated high sensitivity in the detection of microstructural changes in patients with brain gliomas.