In‐situ cross‐linked PVDF membranes with enhanced mechanical durability for vacuum membrane distillation

This research was funded by the Singapore National Research Foundation under its Competitive Research Pro- gram for the project entitled, “Advanced FO Membranes and Membrane Systems for Wastewater Treatment, Water Reuse and Seawater Desalination” (grant number: R-279-000-336- 281). The authors also thank the National Research Founda- tion under its Energy Innovation Research Programme for the project entitled, “Using Cold Energy from Re- gasificati on of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) for Novel Hybrid Seawate r Desalination Technologies” (grant number: R279-000-456-279) for funding this research. We would also gratefully thank Arkema Inc. for proving the PVDF material.