Therapeutic alternatives for the management of COVID-19

RESUMEN Introduccion: La COVID-19 es una pandemia causada por el Coronavirus 2 del Sindrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo (SARS-CoV-2);no existe hasta el momento tratamiento especifico completamente eficaz para esta enfermedad, pero el mundo esta trabajando incesantemente para buscar una cura Objetivo: Describir las alternativas terapeuticas de la COVID-19, segun los mecanismos fisiopatologicos descritos hasta el momento Material y Metodo: Se realizo una revision bibliografica a partir de un total de 31 referencias bibliograficas Se revisaron articulos, en idioma ingles y espanol, en revistas nacionales e internacionales en bases de datos como Pubmed/Medline, y Elsevier Se analizo la calidad, fiabilidad y validez de los articulos seleccionados para realizar una adecuada revision Desarrollo: La aparicion de la COVID-19 ha causado revuelo internacional por la necesidad de encontrar tratamientos efectivos Debido a que es una enfermedad frecuentemente autolimitada, se vuelve dificil probar si una estrategia terapeutica es eficaz o la enfermedad ha seguido su curso Las fases del ciclo de vida viral del SARS-COV proporcionan los objetivos potenciales para la terapia con medicamentos, como son: los inhibidores de la fusion de membrana de la envoltura viral, inhibidores de la proteasa similar a la 3-quimotripsina, inhibidores de la ARN polimerasa dependiente de ARN viral, inhibidores de la entrada y endocitosis y otros medicamentos con alguna funcion inmunomuduladora Conclusiones: La pandemia actual representa un desafio para la comunidad medica internacional Aunque no hay tratamiento especifico recomendado, se utilizan diversos medicamentos con cierta efectividad como la hidroxicloroquina, azitromicina, kaletra y el remdesivir con sus respectivas combinaciones ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), so far there is no fully effective specific treatment for this disease, but worldwide effort is incessant in the search for a cure Objective: To describe the therapeutic alternatives for COVID-19 according to the pathophysiological mechanisms described up until now Material and Method: A bibliographic review was made from a total of 31 bibliographic references Articles, in English and Spanish, from national and international journals were searched over on-line databases such as Pubmed/Medline and Elsevier The quality, reliability and validity of the selected articles were analyzed to carry out an adequate review Development: The appearance of COVID-19 has caused an international stir due to the need to find effective treatments Because it is a frequently self-limited disease, it becomes difficult to prove whether a therapeutic strategy is effective or the disease has run its course The SARS-CoV viral life cycle phases provide potential targets for drug therapy, such as: viral envelope membrane fusion inhibitors, 3-chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors, virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, endocytosis and entry inhibitors, and other medications with some immunomodulatory function Conclusions: The current pandemic represents a challenge for the international medical community Although there is no specific recommended treatment, various drugs are used with some effectiveness such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, kaletra and remdesivir with their respective combinations