Complications Associated with Comorbid Conditions

Complications after foot and ankle surgery are unavoidable. Studies have shown an increased bacterial colonization of the foot compared to other anatomical sites. Medical conditions such as diabetes, renal disease, obesity, malnutrition, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, smoking, and substance abuse have all been looked at in regards to surgical site infections. Some have extensive evidence that supports and increases risk of surgical complication, while others do not. This chapter’s intent is to help inform the foot and ankle surgeon of what risk factors are there and what potentially could be done to decrease complications.