Production of aromatics from heavier n-paraffins on hybrid cracking-reforming catalyst

Abstract Selective production of aromatics from the heavier n -paraffins was studied on nano-structured ( ns ) catalysts consisting of ns alumina and MFI-type H-galloaluminosilicate (H-GaAlMFI) zeolite. Performance of the hybrid H-GaAlMFI zeolite catalyst with ns Al 2 O 3 was improved considerably from those of the zeolite sole catalyst and USY or H-ZSM-5 catalyst. It was observed that in the n -C 16 H 34 conversion, the product selectivity for aromatics (including intermediate olefins and byproducts) and the degradation rate depended on either the ratios of Ga/(Ga + Al) and Si/(Ga + Al) in the zeolite component or on the co-existence of ns Al 2 O 3 . It was found that aromatics could be produced selectively by controlling the reaction time. In regards to the catalytic active sites, the ns species at the zeolite surface layer and the surface distributions were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with the Ar-etching method. It was determined that non-framework Ga species existed as Ga oxides after calcining. It was also revealed that the ns alumina had an important role in forming the ns species of non-framework Ga by extracting it from the zeolite framework and stabilizing it as an ns oxide at the zeolite particle surface which opened into the nano-space.