Estudio experimental para evaluar la calidad del agua residual infiltrada del proyecto de recarga artificial en San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora, México

This work shows the results of the quantification of runoff and erosion in an experimental andosol watershed in the Mexican Neo-volcanic Axis at Valle de Bravo, in the State of Mexico. The results of the modelling from rain variables demonstrate that at the experimental plots scale, runoff events display a great temporary variation of the hydrologic response. At the watershed scale (50 ha), the resulting equations help explain runoff and erosion. Runoff is explained by the rainfall amount with an intensity equal or higher than 20 mm/h. The erosion rate is explained according to the variables of runoff depth and maximal intensity in 10 minutes. Soil loss is caused by rains of higher intensity (very few rain events produce most of the annual erosion). The results of the quantification, location of thresholds, and modelling demonstrate that runoff is very weak and, in closed forests, it can be nil. It is also demonstrated that the zones of greater production of runoff are the prairies, but with smaller rates of erosion. However, agricultural zones with weak runoff, display very important erosion rates and the slope is the determining factor of the lost soil. Andosols are very resistant when they are not disrupted, but can be very fragile in conditions of degradation.