Preemptive Living Donor Kidney Transplantation and Kidney Function at the Initial Hospital Visit: A Single-Center Case–Control Study

Abstract Background Studies have revealed that patients who undergo preemptive kidney transplantation (PKT) have favorable prognoses compared with those who undergo kidney transplantation after the initiation of dialysis. The number of PKT cases performed worldwide has been increasing. The goal of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of patients who may successfully receive PKT. Methods A single-center, case–control study was conducted to determine the clinical factors that lead to referral for PKT. Results Between April 1, 2009, and August 1, 2015, a total of 118 patients underwent living donor kidney transplantation. Thirty of these patients had not undergone dialysis before their initial visit to the study hospital. Of these, 20 received kidney transplantation before and after dialysis initiation, respectively (group PKT+, successful PKT; group PKT−, failed PKT). The baseline characteristics at the primary visit were compared between groups. The median duration from the first visit to the study institution to PKT was 5.6 ± 0.7 months. Serum creatinine (Cr) levels differed significantly between groups (PKT+ vs PKT−, 6.0 ± 0.3 mg/dL vs 7.5 ± 0.5 mg/dL; P  = .03). The receiver-operating characteristic curves revealed that a serum Cr level >5.7 mg/dL at the initial visit to the unit was a cutoff point for predicting the success of PKT (area under the curve, 0.721; P  = .02). Conclusions Our results indicate that PKT should be performed within ∼6 months of the initial visit to the transplant center. Serum Cr levels