Fabrication of Coaxial Wet-Spun Biofibres Containing Graphene Core

Electrical stimulation has been able to provide beneficial effects for regeneration of tissue: muscle (Doucet et al. in Yale J Biol Med 85:201–215, 2012, [1]; Hsu et al. in Sensors 11:1932–1942, 2011, [2]; Longo et al. in Stem Cells Int 2012:175038, 2012, [3]; Meng et al. in Applied biomedical engineering. pp. 37–62, 2011, [4]), nerve (Rupp et al. in J Neurosci Methods 166:266–277, 2007, [5]; Wei in Science 1373:1372–1376, 2014, [6]) and bone (Choa et al. in Eur Cell Mater 6:72–85, 2003, [7]). A range of metallic electrodes, most commonly Pt or Ti based, have conventionally been used (Meng et al. in Applied biomedical engineering. pp. 37–62, 2011, [4]; Lafayette in Anal Biomed Eng 31:879–890, 2003, [8]). More recently the use of organic conductors has attracted attention since they can be loaded with bioactivity enhancing the electro-cellular communication process (Ben-jacob and Hanein in J Mater Chem 18:5181–5186, 2008, [9]; Wallace et al. Organic bionics. p 240, 2012, [10]).