Comparative study of various optimization criteria for SDHWS and a suggestion for a new global evaluation

Abstract This study compares various optimization criteria for a solar domestic hot water system (SDHWS). First of all, we present the various parameters used to evaluate a SDHWS. We consider the energetic, exergetic, environmental (CO 2 emissions) and financial (life cycle cost) analysis. Various optimization criteria of a standard solar hot water system are then proposed. The optimized solutions are compared with a standard hot water system. The most suitable criteria take into account both energetic (therefore environmental) and financial evaluations. The most powerful solutions tend to increase the collector area – increasing the solar fraction during the mid-season – and reduce the tank volume, thereby decreasing the thermal losses and financial cost. Some of the usual evaluation criteria for SDHWs cannot be used as optimization criteria because they do not consider the auxiliary heater, resulting in inaccurate indications of the system’s performance. Therefore, it seemed important to propose a new evaluation method which integrates the life cycle savings, primary energy savings and CO 2 emission savings with regard to a referenced solution based on a radar diagram of these three fractions. This mode of representation is particularly useful when various auxiliary heaters are compared.