Los estudiantes politécnicos en México y sus percepciones sobre los miedos que los obstaculizan para emprender

espanolEl emprendimiento permite activar las economias de los paises, genera empleos, desarrolla nueva tecnologia e incrementa el nivel de vida y bienestar de los ciudadanos. El objetivo de este articulo fue analizar las percepciones que tienen los jovenes politecnicos con relacion al fenomeno del emprendimiento y sus posibles obstaculos. Es un estudio transversal; la obtencion de datos se realizo por medio de un cuestionario, y participaron 9,626 estudiantes de los tres niveles educativos del Instituto Politecnico Nacional. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo y se emplearon modelos lineales generalizados que permiten el analisis multivariable. Se encontro que apenas el 15% de los estudiantes ha participado en actividades de emprendimiento, ademas de que solo el 25% de los jovenes de ensenanza media y superior ha tenido negocios (pero unicamente el 11% de estos siguen operando). El miedo a fracasar se detecto con mayor prevalencia en las mujeres que estudian el bachillerato o licenciatura, aunado a que la sensacion de fracaso se presento en jovenes que provienen de familias de sectores vulnerables. Se concluye que el instituto tiene que poner mayor atencion a las mujeres para capacitarlas, asi como mantener y reforzar sus acciones orientadas a la educacion empresarial y formacion del espiritu empresarial. EnglishEntrepreneurship allows economy growth of countries, creates jobs, develops new technology and increases the standard of living and well-being of citizens. The objective of this article was to analyze the perceptions that young polytechnics students have in relation to the phenomenon of entrepreneurship and its possible obstacles. It is a cross-sectional study; data was obtained through a questionnaire, and 9,626 students from the three educational levels at Instituto Politecnico Nacional participated. A descriptive study was carried out and generalized linear models that allow multivariate analysis were used. It was found that only 15% of the students have participated in entrepreneurial activities, in addition to that only 25% of young people from secondary and higher education have had businesses (but only 11% of these continue to operate). The fear of failure was detected with greater prevalence in women who study high school or undergraduate, coupled with the fact that the feeling of failure was presented in young people who come from families in vulnerable sectors. It is concluded that the institute must pay greater attention to women to train them, as well as to maintain and reinforce its actions aimed at business education and entrepreneurship training.