Development of fortified milk with gelled-oil nanoparticles incorporated with cinnamaldehyde and tannic acid

Abstract In the present work, we prepared gelled-oil nanoparticles (GLNs) to encapsulate cinnamaldehyde (CA) and/or tannic acid (TA) within the oil and aqueous phases, respectively and these systems were then used to fortify milk to enhance its health beneficial effects. Different characteristics of the carrier systems including particle size, span, zeta potential, physical stability, rheology, encapsulation efficiency, release behavior, and morphology were examined. The size of the spherical GLNs was in the range of 77–163.8 nm with a narrow distribution. The systems showed good stability, which was related to the repulsive force and zeta potential was −33 to −38 mV. Samples showed shear-thinning behavior and viscoelastic property. Addition of bioactive components caused no significant effects on interfacial tension. High encapsulation efficiency (94–97%) was observed in this work. The EC50 values of CA GLN, TA GLN, CA-TA GLN samples were 223.11, 182.51 and 107.06 μg/mL, respectively. Anticancer activity of CA-TA GLN samples against MCF7 and Lung A549 cancer cell was 81.66 and 57.54%, respectively. It was observed that milk containing CA revealed lower acceptance in terms of odor and overall properties. According to the findings, the designed delivery system could be a good choice for fortification of milk.