Chemical modifications of α1,6-fucosyltransferase define amino acid residues of catalytic importance

Abstract α1,6-Fucosyltransferase (α6FucT) of human platelets was subjected to the action of phenylglyoxal (PLG), pyridoxal-5′-phosphate/NaBH 4 (PLP), and diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) the reagents that selectively modify the structure of amino acids arginine, lysine and histidine, respectively, as well as to N -ethylmaleimide (NEM), mersalyl, p -chloromercuribenzoate (pCMB), iodoacetate, iodoacetamide, and methyl iodide that react with sulfhydryl group of cysteine. In addition, we treated the enzyme with β-mercaptoethanol, a reagent that disrupts disulfide bonds. All reagents except NEM significantly inactivated α6FucT. Protection against the action of PLG, PLP and sulfhydryl modifying reagents was offered by GDP-fucose, GDP, and the acceptor substrate, a transferrin-derived biantennary glycopeptide with terminal GlcNAc residues. Neither donor nor acceptor substrate offered, however, any protection against inactivation by DEPC or β-mercaptoethanol. We conclude that arginine, cysteine and probably lysine residues are present in, or closely by, the donor and acceptor substrate binding domains of the enzyme, whereas histidine may be a part of its catalytic domain. However, the primary structure of α6FucT does not show cysteine residues in proximity to the postulated GDP-fucose-binding site and acceptor substrate binding site of the enzyme that contains two neighboring arginine residues and one lysine residue (Glycobiol. 10 (2000) 503). To rationalize our results we postulate that platelet α6FucT is folded through disulfide bonds that bring together donor/acceptor-binding- and cysteine- and lysine-rich, presumably acceptor substrate binding sites, thus creating a catalytic center of the enzyme.