Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in the Hospital Environment: Threats for Health Professionals and Patients

Abstract: Introduction: The contamination of the environment by a micro-organism differs according to the establishment, the services and the care practiced. The main objective of this study is to identify bacteria in the hospital environment of the University Hospital Center of Anosiala that may be responsible of nosocomial infections. Methods: This is a prospective study realized at the Anosiala Teaching Hospital over a period of 2 weeks from 14 to 25 February 2018. The duration of the study was 4 months from February to May 2018. Results: 69 samples were taken from the 4 departments including the intensive care unit (ICU), the Pediatric Surgery Department, the emergency and the operating room. Of these samples, 48 (69,6%) samples were positive to the groups of germs studied (non aureus Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus aureus , enterobacteria, as well as non-fermentative bacteria from the environment) and 21 (30,43%) samples were negative. The service most concerned by the contamination was pediatric surgery followed by ICU and the operating room. Conclusion: Bacteria isolated from the environment of Anosiala show the importance of hygiene. Reinforced hygiene and cleaning measures will have to follow in order to reduce and eliminate these microorganisms in the context of hospital hygiene and the protection of patients or the staff against the acquisition of an infection hospital. Keywords: Bacteriology, environment, hospital hygiene, nosocomial infections, surface sampling