System State Characterization and Application to Technical Energy Loss Computation

This paper develops an energy loss formula for electrical networks. In this formula, electric components' energy losses in a given duration are divided into three parts. The primary energy losses can be quantified by the power flow calculation with average loads at nodes, and its linear and quadratic correction value can be produced by using an approximate algorithm whose accuracy is determined by the current system's actual measurement configuration. The categorization of load nodes according to the type of installed measurements further improves the adaptability of this algorithm and makes it suitable for networks with incomplete measurements as well as those advanced networks with modern measurements. In the radial distribution networks, some practical propositions are presented considering some valuable features of networks in structure and the measurement device installing convention. The test results illustrate that this approach has a substantial reduction in computational expense while maintaining a high level of accuracy.