Correlation Between Fractional Anisotropy and Motor Outcomes in One-Year-Old Infants With Periventricular Brain Injury

Purpose To determine whether motor outcomes of an exercise intervention beginning at 2 months corrected age (CA) in children with periventricular brain injury (PBI) are correlated with fractional anisotropy (FA) measures derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 12 months CA. Materials and Methods DTI was performed in eight infants with PBI who were randomly assigned to kicking and treadmill stepping exercise or a no-training condition. Development was assessed using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). FA values were derived from regions of interest (ROIs) in the middle third of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) and the posterior thalamic radiation (PTR). Results Significant correlations were observed between motor development and FA measures. For PLIC, the correlation coefficients were 0.82 between FA and AIMS, and −0.92 between FA and GMFCS, while for PTR the corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.73 and −0.80, respectively. Conclusion Results of this study suggest that quantitative evaluation of white matter tracts using DTI at 12 months CA may be useful for assessment of brain plasticity in children. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:949–957. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.