First-in-Man 4-Chamber Pressure–Volume Analysis During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease

Abstract This report constitutes a first-in-man description of pressure–volume analysis in all 4 cardiac chambers before and after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Pressure–volume analysis demonstrated that the hemodynamic consequences of valve replacement are chamber-specific and influenced by all aspects of the procedure (i.e., rapid ventricular pacing), not just valve deployment. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)