A new subtyping model for residual invasive disease after cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer

Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is an aggressive malignancy and half of the patients develop metastatic disease within 2 years, which is generally incurable and leads to early mortality (1). Based on prospective randomized trials, MIBC is treated with cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) (2-4).