Crystallization kinetics of lithium–aluminum–germanium–phosphate glass doped with MgO using a non-isothermal method

This study examines the effect of MgO content on the crystallization behavior of lithium–aluminum–germanium–phosphate glasses using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DTA results show that the crystallization temperature decreased with an increasing MgO content and increased with increasing heating rates. The crystalline phase is investigated with XRD to determine the presence of LiGe2(PO4)3 and LiMgPO4. The activation energy, as the kinetic parameter, is obtained using the Kissinger and Marotta methods, and the SEM results confirm the change in the Avrami index with the MgO content.