Mandibular trauma in Central Karnataka, India – An outcome of 483 cases at a regional maxillofacial surgical unit

Abstract Objective The spectrum of etiologies of mandibular fractures is diverse; also, factors such as geography, seasons, means of livelihood, and the psychological make-up and living standards of individuals influence its pattern and incidence. Of significance is the understanding of the pattern and mechanism of mandibular injury that would appear to facilitate choosing the most ideal treatment plan. Method A systematic retrospective review of 483 cases treated between June 2001 and June 2012 was carried out to determine mandibular trauma pattern and distribution in Central Karnataka. Results In our analysis, there were 57 females and 426 males; the male-to-female ratio was 7.5:1 [age range = 5–87 years (mean = 31.19 years)]. RTA (predominantly two-wheeler) was commonest cause of mandibular trauma; age group affected was 20–29 years. While March witnessed a peak in casualty incidence, Sunday recorded the maximum frequency. The mandibular parasymphysis was the commonest site of fracture in this region of Karnataka. Extremity injury was the predominant form of associated injury. In all, 1018 fractures were documented; 887 affected the mandible. Fifty-nine cases had concomitant mid face injury (131 fractures). The left side of the mandible was (marginally) more susceptible to trauma, regardless of gender or etiology. Modes of treatment were ‘open’ or ‘closed’ – 800 fractures were treated by ORIF; the complication rate observed was 48.46%. Conclusion However, further advances in diagnostic imaging and implant-fixation device technology not only aim at reducing the rate of complications in a given setting but also facilitate early return to function and improved quality of life.