Chemotherapy and radiatherapy induced haemorrhagic cystitis： current progress of the treatment

Haemorrhagic cystitis （HC） is a potentially severe complication,caused by high-dose chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation therapy （RT）.It is thought that a defect caused by chemotherapeutic drugs in the glycosaminoglycan （GAG） layer may be the first step in HC development.The pathogenesis of RT-induced cystitis originates as a progressive obliteration of the small blood vessels of the bladder wall.Mesna,hyperhydration and continuous bladder irrigation have been shown effective in preventing HC.However,these preventive protocols do not always satisfactorily protect the patient from bladder injury.In recent years,GAG-replenishment therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy have gained some evidence exists.Currently,there is a lack of consensus about the best treatment for patients with chemotherapy and radiatherapy induced HC.Therefore,the prevention and treatment of this complication is still the focus at present. Key words: Cystitis ;  Therapy;  Radiotherapy;  Drug therapy