Brain-responsive corticothalamic stimulation in the centromedian nucleus for the treatment of regional neocortical epilepsy.

Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to determine if corticothalamic responsive stimulation targeting the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CMT) is a potential treatment for neocortical epilepsies with regional onsets. Methods We assessed efficacy and safety of CMT and neocortical responsive stimulation, detection, and stimulation programming, methods for implantation, and location and patterns of electrographic seizure onset and spread in 7 patients with medically intractable focal seizures with a regional neocortical onset. Results The median follow-up duration was 17 months (average: 17 months, range: 8–28 months). The median % reduction in disabling seizures (excludes auras) in the 7 patients was 88% (mean: 80%, range: 55–100%). The median % reduction in all seizure types (disabling + auras) was 73% (mean: 67%, range: 15–94%). There were no adverse events related to implantation of the responsive neurostimulator and leads or related to the delivery of responsive stimulation. Stimulation-related contralateral paresthesias were addressed by adjusting stimulation parameters in the clinic during stimulation testing. Electrographic seizures were detected in the CMT and neocortex in all seven patients. Four patients had simultaneous or near simultaneous seizure onsets in the neocortex and CMT and three had onsets in the neocortex with spread to the CMT. Conclusion In this small series of patients with medically intractable focal seizures and regional neocortical onset, responsive neurostimulation to the neocortex and CMT improved seizure control and was well tolerated. Significance Responsive corticothalamic neurostimulation of the CMT and neocortex is a potential treatment for patients with regional neocortical epilepsies.