Zaburzenia snu w stwardnieniu rozsianym

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (Lat. sclerosis multiplex, SM) is an autoimmune disease in which lymphocytes, autoreactive to nerve cell antigens, infiltrate the central nervous system and bring about its damage. This condition leads to a  continuous or relapsing progressive deterioration in physical, cognitive, emotional, and social functions of a patient. In 43 to 67% of MS patients, sleep-related abnormalities such as insomnia, circadian rhythm disturbances, movement disorders, and breathing disorders are observed. These disorders can worsen the course of MS, and MS can worsen and increase the likelihood of sleep disorders. This two-way relationship arises due to the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of MS and sleep disorders. In this review article, we present the latest information on the etiology and role of the immune system in MS and the immunopathomechanism of this disease, paying particular attention to coexisting sleep disorders. We also discuss sleep disorders that coexist with MS. Further, we discuss MS therapies with particular emphasis on the epicutaneous application of the protein antigen, which, in addition to reducing the progression of the disease, may potentially reduce the severity of sleep disorders.