Hydrothermal Growth of Sb2S3 Thin Films on Molybdenum for Solar Cell Applications: Effect of Post-Deposition Annealing

Abstract The binary chalcogenide material antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) has attracted significant attention as a potential absorber material for photovoltaics (PVs) owing to its suitable bandgap of ~1.7 eV and other unique properties. However, only a few substrate-configured Sb2S3 thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) have been reported, and they demonstrated an extremely low power conversion efficiency (PCE, η