Renal function and structure in a rat model of arterial calcification and increased pulse pressure

Clinical studies suggest a strong link between tissue calcification and pressure hyperpulsatility in end stage renal disease patients. Using a Wistar rat model of arterial elastocalcinosis and hyperpulsatility [vitamin D and nicotine (VDN) treatment], we evaluated the relative importance of tissue calcification and hyperpulsatility in the etiology of renal failure. VDN rats showed significant increases in aortic wall calcium content (50 times; 992 ± 171 vs. control 19 ± 1 μmol/g dry wt) and pulse pressure (1.5 times; 61 ± 4 vs. control 40 ± 2 mmHg). Significant renal calcification (16 times; 124 ± 27 vs. control 8.1 ± 0.7 μmol/g dry wt) occurred mainly within the media of the preglomerular vasculature and in the areas of interstitial fibrosis in VDN. Extensive renal damages (5 times; 26 ± 5% of collapsed-atrophic or sclerotic glomeruli, or glomerular cysts vs. control 5.2 ± 0.3%; 28 times; 61 ± 12% areas of focal, cortical areas exhibiting interstitial fibrosis per section vs. control 2.2 ± 0.6%) were obs...