Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes con historia familiar de diabetes mellitus tipo 2

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en ninos y adolescentes con antecedentes familiares de diabetes tipo. Para ello se seleccionaron mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerado 499 ninos y adolescentes de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 16 anos, pertenecientes al Municipio Maracaibo del Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se dividieron en dos grupos, uno con antecedentes familiares de diabetes tipo 2 (CAFD2) (n=228) y otro sin antecedentes familiares de diabetes tipo 2 (SAFD2) (n=271), y fueron evaluados clinica, antropometrica y bioquimicamente.Las prevalencias de todos los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (excepto la tension arterial diastolica), fueron superiores en el grupo CAFD2, pero sin diferencia significativa al compararlo con los ninos y adolescentes SAFD2.No obstante, las variables antropometricas (peso, IMC y circunferencia de cintura), y las variables bioquimicas como insulina basal, colesterol total y LDL-colesterol, resultaron signifi cativamente diferentes entre ambos grupos, observandose valores mas altos en el grupo CAFD2.En ambos grupos, el factor de riesgo que resulto con la mayor prevalencia fue la concentracion baja de HDLcolesterol con un 49,1% en el grupo CAFD2 y un 46,1 % en el grupo SAFD2. Le siguio en orden decreciente de prevalencia la insulino resistencia determinada por el indice HOMA-IR (31,6% y 24,0% respectivamente), luego las concentraciones elevadas de LDL-colesterol (27,6% y 24%). El grupo CAFD2 presento la misma prevalencia (alrededor de un 26,3%) en colesterol total elevado y triacilgliceridos elevados. Los resultados del estudio permitirian afi rmar que ya en las primeras etapas de la vida, los antecedentes familiares de diabetes tipo 2 condicionaron a una mayor predisposicion al acumulo de peso, de grasa corporal total, grasa visceral y manifestaciones metabolicas que aun cuando no exceden los valores normales, podrian desencadenar en etapas posteriores de sus vidas al desarrollo de entidades patologicas. The objective of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors from a group of children and adolescents with parental history of type 2 diabetes. For this purpose 499 children and adolescents from 10 to 16 years old and both sexes were selected by conglomerate random sampling, from Maracaibo Municipality of Zulia State, Venezuela. They were divided in two groups, one with parental history of diabetes type 2 (CAFD2) (n=228) and another one without parental history of diabetes type 2 (SAFD2) (n=271). All subjects were evaluated clinical, anthropometrically and biochemically. The prevalence of all cardiovascular risk factors (except the diastolic arterial tension), were superior in CAFD2 group, but without significant diff erence when comparing with the children and adolescents of SAFD2 group. However, the anthropometric variables (weight, IMC and waist circumference), and the biochemical variables like basal insulin, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, were signifi cantly diff erent between both groups, being higher the CAFD2 group values.The risk factor with the greater prevalence was low levels of HDL-cholesterol, with a 49.1% in group CAFD2 and a 46.1% in group SAFD2; it was followed by insulin resistance, determined by HOMA-IR index (32.0% and 28.4% respectively) and by elevated LDL-cholesterol concentrations (27.6% and 24%). CAFD2 group presented the same prevalence (in the order of a 26.3%) for high levels of total cholesterol and triacylglicerides. The results of the study would allow to affi rm that at the fi rst stages of the life, the parental history of type 2 diabetes conditioned for a greater predisposition to have higher weight, total body fat, visceral fat and metabolic manifestations, even though this values do not exceed the normal values, they could trigger in later stages of their lives the development of pathologies.