Atomic force microscopic observation of step movements on NaCl(001) and NaF(001) with the help of adsorbed water
1997
Cleaved (001) faces of NaCl, NaF and LiF single crystals have been
observed with atomic force microscopy in air. Spontaneous movements of
monatomic steps were observed, depending upon relative humidity, with
the first two crystals. The step speed on NaCl showed a marked
increase at about 60%, while only a gradual increase was observed with
NaF. The step movements on NaCl were not disturbed very much by screw
dislocations, but were substantially retarded by surface voids. The
presence of adsorbed water in two-dimensionally and
three-dimensionally condensed phases is a reasonable explanation for
these effects. By fixing the AFM tip on flat terraces, crystalline
blocks were formed on the NaF surface. They grew spontaneously,
collecting salt from flat parts. The salt is pumped from the substrate
to the top of the blocks. A mechanism to explain this is proposed
here.
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