Thermodynamic and kinetic effects of lead doping on the formation of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy

Lead doping affects the thermodynamics and kinetics of the formation of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy. Although neither the enthalpy change nor the entropy change of the reactions can be predicted quantitatively, it is shown that the escape of volatile PbO and O2 from the open thermodynamic system is of crucial importance for the complete conversion of all impirities.