Ecological Bio Energy Materials in Ukraine Current State and Prospects of Production Development

The article presents the results of the analysis of the state of bioenergy in Ukraine in recent years, and notes a significant gap between its development indicators and those of other countries in the world. Measures for accelerated rates of biofuel production for the period up to 2025 and its projected indicators are substantiated. In particular, total biofuel production in Ukraine should increase from 2.83 million to 6.2 million tons, including: solid types up to - 3.5 million tons BOE, liquid-up to 0.7 million tons BOE, biogas-up to 2.0 million tons BOE. The list of main types of raw materials for biofuel production is given. The economic, technological, and economic characteristics of the main bioenergy crops, plantations of which are recommended to be laid in the coming years, are given. These performance indicators are obtained in production experiments, especially the ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen, as well as reduce emissions of harmful substances during combustion. It is established that such a crop as Paulownia is the fastest growing plant (5-6 m per year). Another advantage of Paulownia is the high degree of environmental friendliness. One hectare consumes 1200 tons of CO2, significantly improving degraded, marginal land. The recommendations for the creation of industrial plantations of bioenergy crops and the material and technical base for processing are substantiated. Total costs for bioenergy by 2025 in the amount of $ 1,379 million have been determined. Proposal for co-operation of producers and processors of bio-raw materials at the local level is suggested. Keywords: Bioenergy; Ecology; Biomass; Biofuels; Bioenergy plants; Energy plantations; Fast growing crops; Marginal lands References Bondar V.S., Fursa A.V. & Нumentyk M.Ya. (2018). Bioenergy development strategy and priorities in Ukraine. Ekonomika APK. No 3. 17-25 (in Ukrainian) Bondar V.S., & Fursa A.V. (2015). Ekonomichne obgruntuvannia tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia i pererobky roslynnoi biosyrovyny na tverdi vydy palyva. Ekonomika APK. No 3. 22-27 (in Ukrainian) Broido A. (1969). A simple, sensitive graphical method of treating thermogravimetric analysis data. J. Polymer of Science. Vοl. 7. No. 3. P. 1761–1763. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160071012 (In USA Diachuk O., Chepeliev M., Pomolets R., Trypolska H., Venher V., Saprykina T., & Yukhymets R. (2017). Perekhid Ukrainy na vidnovliuvalnu enerhetyku do 2050 roku: zvit za rezultatamy modeliuvannia bazovoho ta alternatyvnykh stsenariiv rozvytku bioenerhetychnoho sektoru / za zah. red. Yu. Oharenko ta O. Aliievoi. Kyiv: TOV «ART KNYHA» (in Ukrainian) Prokopchuk N. R. (1983). Determination of activation energy of polymer degradation according to thermogravimetry. Plastics. No 10.Ði. 24–25 (in Russian) Heletukha H.H., Zheliezna T.A., Kramar V.H., & Kucheruk P.P. (2018). Perspektyvy rozvytku bioenerhetyky yak instrumentu zamishchennia pryrodnoho hazu v Ukraini. Bioenerhetychna asotsiatsiia Ukrainy, 2015. URL: http://uabio.org/img/files/docs/position-paper-uabio-12-ua.pdf (data zvernennia: 02 lypnia 2018). (in Ukrainian) Heletukha H., Oliinyk Ye., Antonechko V., Chaplyhin S., Hubenko V., & Radchenko S. (2016). Provedennia kompleksnoho doslidzhennia rynku kotliv, shcho pratsiuiut na biomasi v Ukraini. Kyiv: Prohrama rozvytku Orhanizatsii Ob’iednanykh Natsii. (in Ukrainian) Heletukha H.H., Zheliezna T.A., Kucheruk P.P.,& Oliinyk Ye.M. Suchasnyi. (2018). Stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku bioenerhetyky v Ukraini. http://www.uabio.org/img/files/docs/position-paper-uabio-9-ua.pdf (data zvernennia: 19 chervnia 2018). (in Ukrainian) Ihnatenko, O.P. (2016). Vykorystannia biomasy u munitsypalnomu sektori: praktychnyi posibnyk. Proekt PROON/HEF «Rozvytok ta komertsializatsiia bioenerhetychnykh tekhnolohii u munitsypalnomu sektori Ukrainy». Kyiv (in Ukrainian) Kaletnik, H.M. (2013). Rozvytok rynku biopalyv v Ukraini. Bioenerhetyka. No 1. 11-16 (in Ukrainian) Pashover, A. (2018). Gorjuchee predlozhenie. Novoe vremja stran No 7. (22 fev.) 34-37 (in Ukrainian) Enerhetychnyi balans Ukrainy, (2018). URL http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ (data zvernennia: 14 chervnia 2018) (in Ukrainian) Vidnovliuvana enerhetyka v Ukraini: sohodennia ta perspektyvy. Ukrainska asotsiatsiia vidnovliuvanoi enerhetyky. URL: https://vse.energy/docs/OEW-orgel.pdf (data zvernennia: 02 lypnia 2018) (in Ukrainian) Giampietro M., & Ulgiati S. (2005). Integrated Assessment of Large-Scale Biofuel Production. Critical Reviewsin Plant Sciences. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680500316300 (data zvernennia: 14 chervnia 2018) (in Brazil) WBA Global Bioenergy Statistics, (2017). URL: https://worldbioenergy.org/uploads/ WBA%20GBS%202017_hq.pdf (data zvernennia: 02 lypnia 2018). (in Belgium)