Efectele vitaminei D în sarcină

The birth, growth, development, reproduction and sene­scence under physiological conditions can be achieved with­out diminishing the role of the other important aspects that in­flu­ence them, only with the support of an optimal diet which is a fundamental requirement nowadays, considering that health and nutritional status are in a permanent in­ter­de­pen­dence. The effects of inadequate nutrition reflect on the expression of genes, influencing the development of certain diseases in childhood and adulthood. Knowing the phases of the gestation period, in which the needs of cer­tain nutrients are increased and their absence has the most serious impact on fetal growth and development, al­lows for the adoption in due time of concrete preventive rules. Disorders associated with lipid malabsorption, such as celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, pancreatic insufficiency, cystic fibrosis and cholestatic disease, are associated with low serum levels of 5-hydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D de­fi­cien­cy in the newborn can express as deficient skeletal homeo­stasis, congenital rickets, and fractures in the early days of life. A low level of vitamin D during pregnancy seems to increase the risk of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and gestational diabetes, and in the longer term it seems to affect the bone, immune system and general sta­tus. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is increasing glo­bally, and the effects on pregnancy and neonatal out­come of the vitamin D deficiency and supplementation are a topical issue, which is currently under investigation.